Is Ethanol (beverage alcohol) safe for dogs and cats?
High risk for petsNo alcohol dehydrogenase adaptation; 1–2 mL/kg causes sedation, respiratory depression, metabolic acidosis.
What is ethanol (beverage alcohol)?
The IUPAC name is ethanol.
Also known as: ethanol, ethyl alcohol, alcohol, grain alcohol.
- IUPAC name
- ethanol
- CAS number
- 64-17-5
- Molecular formula
- C2H6O
- Molecular weight
- 46.07 g/mol
- SMILES
- CCO
- PubChem CID
- 702
Risk for dogs
High riskNo alcohol dehydrogenase adaptation; 1–2 mL/kg causes sedation, respiratory depression, metabolic acidosis.
Risk for cats
High riskRapid absorption; similar to dogs; even small amounts of alcoholic beverages are dangerous.
Regulatory consensus
16 regulatory and scientific bodies have classified Ethanol (beverage alcohol). The classifications differ — that's the data.
| Agency | Year | Classification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| IARC | 2010 | Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) | Alcoholic beverages; metabolized to acetaldehyde (IARC Group 1); breast, colorectal, liver, esophageal, oral cancers; Monograph 100E |
| US EPA | 2011 | Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans | Inhalation only (occupational solvent); oral carcinogenicity driven by acetaldehyde metabolite |
| EPA CTX / IARC | — | Group 1 - Carcinogenic to humans | |
| EPA CTX / Genetox | — | Genotoxicity: positive (Ames: negative, 15 positive / 38 negative reports) | |
| EPA CTX / Genetox | — | Genotoxicity: positive (Ames: negative, 15 positive / 38 negative reports) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Serious eye damage/eye irritation - Category 2B (score: moderate) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Category 2B (score: moderate) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Skin Irritation: Not classified (score: low) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | Eye Irritation: Category 6.4A (Category 2A) (score: high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | skin irritation: in vivo: Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation (score: low) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA): Not likely to be sensitizing (score: low) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | eye irritation: in vivo: Studies Indicate No Significant Irritation (score: low) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | eye irritation: in vivo: Ambiguous (score: not classifiable) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | eye irritation: in vivo: Severe Irritation (score: high) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | skin irritation: in vivo: Moderate or Mild Irritation (score: moderate) | |
| EPA CTX / Skin-Eye | — | skin irritation: in vivo: Ambiguous (score: not classifiable) |
Regulators apply different standards of evidence — animal-data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds — which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. The disagreement is the data.
Where pets encounter ethanol (beverage alcohol)
- Industrial Facilities — Manufacturing plants, Chemical storage areas, Waste treatment sites
- Occupational Environments — Factories, Warehouses, Transportation vehicles
Safer alternatives
Lower-risk approaches that achieve a similar outcome to Ethanol (beverage alcohol):
-
Physical/mechanical pest control (IPM)
Trade-offs: More labor-intensive. May not be sufficient for severe infestations.Relative cost: Variable; lower long-term
Frequently asked questions
Is ethanol (beverage alcohol) safe for pets?
No alcohol dehydrogenase adaptation; 1–2 mL/kg causes sedation, respiratory depression, metabolic acidosis.
What products contain ethanol (beverage alcohol)?
Ethanol (beverage alcohol) appears in: Manufacturing plants (Industrial facilities); Chemical storage areas (Industrial facilities); Factories (Occupational environments); Warehouses (Occupational environments).
Why do regulators disagree about ethanol (beverage alcohol)?
Ethanol (beverage alcohol) has been classified by 16 agencies including IARC, US EPA, EPA CTX / IARC, EPA CTX / Genetox, EPA CTX / Genetox, with differing conclusions. Regulators apply different standards of evidence (animal data weighting, exposure-pattern assumptions, epidemiological power thresholds), which is why two scientific bodies can review the same data and reach different conclusions. See the regulatory consensus table on this page for the full picture.
See Ethanol (beverage alcohol) in the pets app
Look up products containing ethanol (beverage alcohol), compare to alternatives, and explore the full data record.
Open in pets View raw API dataSources (4)
- IARC Monographs Volume 100E: Alcohol Consumption and Ethyl Carbamate (2010) — regulatory
- WHO: No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health (2018) — report
- CDC: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) — Alcohol Use in Pregnancy (2020) — report
- ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center: Ethanol Toxicity in Pets (2020) — report
Reference data, not professional advice. Aggregates publicly available regulatory and scientific data; not a substitute for veterinary, medical, legal, or regulatory advice. Why we built ALETHEIA →